Why Teeth Become Sensitive?
Your teeth are protected by enamel (on the crown) and gums (covering the roots). Beneath these is dentin — a porous layer containing tiny tubes that lead to the tooth’s nerve. When enamel wears away or gums recede, dentin becomes exposed, allowing stimuli to reach the nerve and cause pain.
Symptoms of Sensitive Teeth
The main symptom of sensitive teeth is a short, sharp burst of pain when your teeth come into contact with certain triggers. The discomfort is usually temporary, stopping once the stimulus is gone, but it can vary in intensity from mild twinges to severe jolts.
Common causes include:
- Acidic foods and drinks (e.g., citrus, soft drinks, pickles) that erode enamel.
- Brushing too hard or using a hard-bristled toothbrush.
- Gum recession from periodontal disease, ageing, or over-brushing.
- Cracked or chipped teeth, letting bacteria in.
- Teeth grinding (bruxism), which wears away enamel.
- Plaque build-up near the gum line.
- Teeth whitening products that can temporarily increase sensitivity.
- Recent dental treatments, such as fillings or cleanings (usually short-term).
- Developmental enamel defects, such as enamel hypoplasia (thin enamel).
When to See a Dentist
If sensitivity persists or worsens, make an appointment. Early assessment can rule out decay, infection, or cracks and prevent more serious conditions like abscesses, advanced gum disease, or long-term pain.
Questions to ask your dentist include:
- What’s causing my sensitivity?
- Do I need treatment?
- How can I stop it from getting worse?
- What products or habits do you recommend?
Treatment Options
Your dentist will tailor treatment to the cause. Common approaches include:
- Desensitising toothpaste — contains ingredients that either block nerve signals or form a protective barrier over dentin.
- Fluoride varnishes or gels — strengthen enamel and reduce pain.
- Dental bonding or sealants — cover exposed root surfaces.
- Mouthguards — protect against grinding damage.
- Restorative treatment — fillings, crowns, or repairs for decay or cracks.
- Root canal therapy — in severe cases where the nerve is affected.
Self-Care and Prevention
Good oral hygiene and lifestyle choices can reduce or prevent sensitivity:
- Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and floss once a day.
- Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and gentle technique to avoid gum recession.
- Avoid brushing immediately after acidic meals/drinks — wait at least 60 minutes.
- Limit acidic and sugary foods/drinks that wear enamel.
- Drink plain water, avoiding citrus-infused water sipped over long periods.
- Address grinding or clenching with a professionally fitted mouthguard.
- See your dentist regularly for check-ups and cleaning.
